In bio-exposed UC patients, upadacitinib showed superior corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks (60.1%) vs tofacitinib (38.9%) and filgotinib (36.8%). Drug retention was also higher with upadacitinib. No significant differences were seen in endoscopic or histologic outcomes. These findings support upadacitinib as the most effective JAK inhibitor in real-world UC care.

In UC patients, tofacitinib was linked to a higher herpes zoster (HZ) risk than anti-TNF therapy (HR 2.28; IRR 2.36). HZ incidence was 30.7 vs 13 per 1,000 person-years, with cumulative 3-year risk of 9.9% vs 3.8% (p=0.014). Younger age and higher comorbidity scores also increased risk. Vaccination with recombinant zoster vaccine is advised for those on tofacitinib.

Patients with both peripheral artery disease (PAD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing lower limb endovascular therapy (EVT) had higher risks of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (HR 3.88), MI (HR 2.14), and all-cause mortality (HR 2.89) than non-ESRD peers. Rates of major adverse limb events were comparable between the groups. ESRD independently predicted MACCE (HR 2.49).

In acute ischemic patients treated with IV thrombolysis and endovascular therapy, fibrinogen depletion coagulopathy (FDC) increased the risk of any hemorrhagic transformation (HT) (aOR 2.33), symptomatic HT (aOR 3.35) and parenchymal hematomas (aOR 2.87). FDC also nearly quadrupled 3-month mortality (aOR 3.82).

Recent evidence confirmed an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bladder cancer (BC) risk. Analysis of 665,000 individuals revealed that MetS raised the BC risk by 62% (OR 1.62). Diabetes (OR 0.44), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 0.29), and high triglycerides (OR 0.59) increased the risk, while hypertension and obesity showed no impact, spotlighting MetS as a modifiable factor for BC prevention.

The DISCOVERY study highlighted the effectiveness of initiating long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for COPD, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). LTOT lowered acute exacerbations and hospitalization rates, irrespective of hypercapnia status in COPD. Similar benefits were observed in ILD and PH after 1-yr. However, all-cause outpatient visits increased across all groups after LTOT initiation.